The accelerating challenges of climate change and environmental degradation have underscored the critical role of green investment and clean energy in fostering sustainable development. This paper investigates the contribution of green investment and clean energy initiatives to inclusive and sustainable economic growth through a qualitative and conceptual analysis of secondary literature published between 2010 and 2024. A thematic synthesis approach was employed to organize and interpret the literature. Drawing on insights from peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and institutional reports, the study identifies key trends, financial and infrastructural barriers, technological innovations, and policy frameworks that are shaping the clean energy transition. Findings reveal that, despite global momentum for renewable energy, challenges such as regulatory uncertainty, high investment risks, and unequal access to finance, especially in developing economies, continue to impede progress. The paper also incorporates theoretical perspectives from ecological economics and inclusive growth to underscore the multifaceted role of green investment in achieving environmental, social, and economic objectives. The study emphasizes the urgency of coordinated policy interventions, inclusive financial instruments, and localized investment strategies to overcome structural barriers and enable optimal performance of green investment for equitable and sustainable growth. Future research directions include empirical assessments of green investment outcomes and comparative analyses across socio-economic contexts to inform more just and effective energy transitions.